Summary auto-generated
This study investigates heterologous encapsidation (transcapsidation and phenotypic mixing) among four isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in doubly infected oat plants using immunohybridization and ELISA techniques. Researchers trapped virions with antibodies specific to one virus and detected RNA of a different virus using cDNA probes. Heterologous encapsidation was detected in five virus pairs: NY-RPV with NY-MAV-PS1 and P-PAV, NY-RMV with NY-MAV-PS1, and P-PAV with NY-MAV-PS1. One-way heterologous encapsidation occurred between NY-RPV and the other isolates, while mutual (two-way) encapsidation occurred between P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1, and between NY-RPV and NY-RMV. Transcapsidation (viral RNA encapsidated in homologous protein coat) was predominant between distantly related isolates, while phenotypic mixing (chimeric protein coats) was predominant between closely related isolates. These findings suggest that heterologous encapsidation may underlie dependent transmission in mixed BYDV infections, potentially affecting disease epidemiology.
Key findings
- Heterologous encapsidation occurs in mixed infections of multiple BYDV isolate pairs, with one-way encapsidation between distant isolates and mutual encapsidation between closely related isolates
- Transcapsidation is the predominant mechanism between serologically distant BYDV isolates (NY-RPV with P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1, NY-RMV with NY-MAV-PS1)
- Phenotypic mixing (antigenically mixed virions) is the predominant type between closely related isolates within the same serological group (P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1, NY-RPV and NY-RMV)
- Direct detection of heterologous encapsidation is possible using immunohybridization assays with virus-specific antibodies and cDNA probes
This summary was generated automatically from the article PDF and is not part of the original publication. Refer to the PDF for the authoritative text.
Abstract
We used immunohybridization and ELISA to investigate heterologous encapsidation (transcapsidation and phenotypic mixing) between paired isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in doubly infected oat plants, Avena sativa L. cv. Clintland 64. Virions in samples extracted from plants doubly infected with two viruses were trapped with an antibody specific to one virus, and the nucleic acids of the trapped virions were identified with a cDNA probe specific to the other. Heterologous encapsidation was found in mixed infections between isolates NY-RPV and NY-MAV-PS1, NY-RPV and P-PAV, NY-RMV and NY-MAV-PS1, P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1, and NY-RPV and NY-RMV. Heterologous encapsidation between NY-RPV and P-PAV, and between NY-RPV and NY-MAV-PS1, occurred in one direction, while the heterologous encapsidation between P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1 occurred in both directions. Further analysis by heterologous ELISA and immunohybridization assays with immunoprecipitated samples demonstrated that trans-capsidation was the predominant type of heterologous encapsidation in mixed infections of NY-RPV and P-PAV, NY-RPV and NY-MAV-PS1, and NY-RMV and NY-MAV-PS1; phenotypic mixing was the predominant type of heterologous encapsidation in mixed infections of P-PAV and NY-MAV-PS1. Phenotypic mixing was also detected in mixed infections of NY-RPV and NY-RMV. These results suggest that among BYDV isolates transcapsidation is more common between distantly related isolates than between more closely related isolates, and phenotypic mixing is more common between more closely related isolates than distantly related isolates.