Summary auto-generated
This study describes Sporosarcina aquimarina sp. nov., a light-orange-colored, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from Korean seawater. The new species forms round terminal endospores and was characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed peptidoglycan type A4α (L-Lys-L-Ala-D-Asp), MK-7 menaquinone, and ante-C15:0 as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content is 40 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed strain SW28T clusters most closely with Sporosarcina ureae (96.8% similarity) within Bacillus rRNA group 2. DNA-DNA hybridization values below 12.5% with related species confirm genomic distinctiveness. Additionally, the authors propose transferring three previously misclassified Bacillus species—B. globisporus, B. psychrophilus, and B. pasteurii—to the genus Sporosarcina as S. globispora, S. psychrophila, and S. pasteurii, respectively, with an emended genus description to accommodate both spherical and rod-shaped cells.
Key findings
- Strain SW28T represents a novel marine species designated Sporosarcina aquimarina sp. nov., isolated from seawater in Korea
- Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences confirms the organism belongs to Bacillus rRNA group 2, clustering with S. ureae and three Bacillus species
- Three previously classified Bacillus species (B. globisporus, B. psychrophilus, and B. pasteurii) are reclassified within the genus Sporosarcina based on phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data
- Distinctive peptidoglycan structure (A4α type with L-Lys-L-Ala-D-Asp), shared MK-7 menaquinone, and ante-C15:0 fatty acid support reclassification
- Low DNA-DNA relatedness values (<12.5%) distinguish S. aquimarina from closely related species while supporting genus-level reclassifications
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Abstract
A light-orange-coloured, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium (strain SW28(T)), which was isolated from seawater in Korea, was taxonomically studied by a polyphasic approach. This organism formed round terminal endospores in swollen sporangia. The peptidoglycan type is A4alpha, based on L-Lys-L-Ala-D-Asp. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7 and the major fatty acid is ante-C(15:0). The G+C content of the DNA is 40 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain SW28(T) falls within the radiation of a cluster comprising the rRNA group 2 bacilli and non-Bacillus-type organisms. Strain SW28(T) showed the highest degree of relatedness to the type strain of Sporosarcina ureae, sharing 96.8% 16S rDNA similarity. Levels of DNA--DNA relatedness between strain SW28(T) and S. ureae DSM 2281(T) and the type strains of some Bacillus species forming a coherent phylogenetic cluster are less than 12.5%. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA--DNA relatedness data, it is proposed that strain SW28(T) should be placed in the genus Sporosarcina as a new species, Sporosarcina aquimarina sp. nov. The type strain is SW28(T) (=KCCM 41039(T)=JCM 10887(T)). From the results of the taxonomic re-evaluation, it is also proposed that Bacillus globisporus, Bacillus psychrophilus and Bacillus pasteurii be transferred to the genus Sporosarcina as Sporosarcina globispora, Sporosarcina psychrophila and Sporosarcina pasteurii, respectively.