Abstract
1 School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Republic of Ireland
2 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
3 Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
4 Montpellier SupAgro, 900 rue Jean François Breton, 34090 Montpellier, France
5 Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative et Virologie des Insectes, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
6 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7HX, UK
7 National Bee Unit, The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
8 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa
9 Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research International, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
10 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1X5, Canada