Nocardioides fonticola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from spring water

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented actinomycete, designated strain NAA-13^T, was isolated from a freshwater spring located in Kaoshiung, southern Taiwan. This strain was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardioides. The strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the principal diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H₄) as the major menaquinone, and iso-C_{16 : 0} and C_{17 : 0} as the predominant fatty acids. 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the strain formed a monophyletic branch at the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Nocardioides; its closest neighbours were Nocardioides insulae DS-51^T (94.9 % similarity), Nocardioides pyridinolyticus KCTC 0074BP^T (96.5 % similarity) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9^T (96.6 % similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain NAA-13^T was 71.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NAA-13^T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides fonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAA-13^T (=LMG 24213^T=BCRC 16874^T).